American Indians

by . Fact SheetFor each [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by . Fact SheetFor each [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Fact SheetFor each [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Anderson, Jean B. By Elizabeth A. Fenn, Peter H. Wood, Harry L. Watson, Thomas H. Clayton, Sydney Nathans, Thomas C. Parramore, and Jean B. Anderson; Maps by Mark Anderson Moore. Edited by Joe A. Mobley. [...] (from The Way We Lived in North Carolina, NC Office of Archives and History and UNC Press.)

by Dease, Jared. Old Tassel (Tossel, Tassell) was a Cherokee diplomat, political leader, and treaty negotiator. He served the Cherokee nations during the French and Indian War, Cherokee Wars, and the American [...] (from NCpedia.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by de Bry, Theodor. "A Cheiff Lorde of Roanoac." Theodor de Bry's engraving of an American Indian man, published in Thomas Hariot's 1588 book A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia. In the [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . A Colonial CoinAn activity sheet for each student, and/or transparencies of [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by . A Colonial CoinAn activity sheet for each student, and/or transparencies of [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by . A Point of ViewFor each [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by . A Point of ViewFor each [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by . This house is most likely a Connestee-era house, which was built of wooden poles and bark in a circular shape. The Connestee began around 200 A.D. in the Swannanoa-Pigeon region. This period was a [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Algonkian Boat BuildingAn activity sheet and [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Algonkian Boat BuildingAn activity sheet and [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by Oakley, Christopher Arris. After the Civil War ended in 1865, the South entered a period that historians sometimes refer to as the era of the "New South." But in some ways, the New South was very similar to the Old South of [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Currie, Jefferson. In 1971 the State of North Carolina proposed tearing down the Old Main building at Pembroke State University (now the University of North Carolina at Pembroke). Old Main, built in the 1920s, is the [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Samford, Dr. Patricia M. American Indian Food Originally published as "Discovering What Native North Carolinians Ate" By Dr. Patricia M. Samford Reprinted with permission from Tar Heel Junior Historian, Spring [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by de Bry, Theodor. Hand-colored version of Theodor de Bry's engraving depicting two American Indian men cooking fish. De Bry's engraving, "The Broiling of Their Fish Over the Flame," was originally published as an [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . This 1993-1994 painting depicts an American Indian hunting deer with a bow and arrow. The hunter stands on a rock in a stream facing a buck and a doe. He is camouflaged, wearing a deer head and skin [...] (from NCpedia.)

by Currie, Jefferson. "Shhhhhhhh!" Legend has it that Coharie Indian mothers would make that sound when outsiders would approach their village, hoping to quiet their children until the strangers passed. The Coharie were [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Richardson, Gregory A. American Indian Tribes in North Carolina Originally published as "The State and Its Tribes" by Gregory A. Richardson Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian, Fall [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by DiNome, William G., Coe, Joffre L., Green, Michael D., Towles, Louis P., Weidman, Rich. Part i: Introduction; Part ii: American Indians before European contact; Part iii: Indian tribes from European contact to the era of removal; Part iv: The struggle for Indian sovereignty and cultural [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by DiNome, William G. Part i: Introduction; Part ii: American Indians before European contact; Part iii: Indian tribes from European contact to the era of removal; Part iv: The struggle for Indian sovereignty and cultural [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by DiNome, William G. Part i: Introduction; Part ii: American Indians before European contact; Part iii: Indian tribes from European contact to the era of removal; Part iv: The struggle for Indian sovereignty and cultural [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by DiNome, William G. Part i: Introduction; Part ii: American Indians before European contact; Part iii: Indian tribes from European contact to the era of removal; Part iv: The struggle for Indian sovereignty and cultural [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by DiNome, William G. Part i: Introduction; Part ii: American Indians before European contact; Part iii: Indian tribes from European contact to the era of removal; Part iv: The struggle for Indian sovereignty and cultural [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by DiNome, William G. Part i: Introduction; Part ii: American Indians before European contact; Part iii: Indian tribes from European contact to the era of removal; Part iv: The struggle for Indian sovereignty and cultural [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Kincheloe, John W., III. European explorers came to the "New World" of North America in the 1500s. Before that time, the continent was an unknown place to them. These adventurers saw it as an entirely new land, with animals [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Nathans, Sydney. American Indians in Antebellum NC Originally published as "A Class All Their Own: American Indians in Antebellum North Carolina" by Sydney Nathans Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by La Vere, David. North Carolina’s American Indians in World War II by Dr. David La Vere/Our State Books Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian. Fall 2005. Tar Heel Junior Historian [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by . An Archaeologist Excavating an Ancient Storage Pit An ancient storage pit being excavated by archaeologists. The tray in the background contains deer bones, broken pottery, and other village [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Archaeological Traces of a Round House at the Wall site Small stakes mark locations where posts once stood. For more on the excavation go to: [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Daniel, I. Randolph, Jr. Most North Carolina citizens are familiar with the early English settlement of our state, as marked by the fabled “Lost Colony” in the late 1500s. The story is known because firsthand accounts of the [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Freeman, Joan E., Davis, R. P. Stephen, Jr., Lawrence, Richard W. Archaeology by Joan E. Freeman and R. P. Stephen Davis Jr., 2006. Additional research provided by Richard W. Lawrence. See also: American Indians; Archaeology of Early NC; Cherokee [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Freeman, Joan E., Davis, R. P. Stephen, Jr., Lawrence, Richard W. Archaeology by Joan E. Freeman and R. P. Stephen Davis Jr., 2006. Additional research provided by Richard W. Lawrence. Part i: Archaeological Research in the Coastal Plain; Part ii: [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Freeman, Joan E., Davis, R. P. Stephen, Jr., Lawrence, Richard W. Archaeology by Joan E. Freeman and R. P. Stephen Davis Jr., 2006. Additional research provided by Richard W. Lawrence. Part i: Archaeological Research in the Coastal Plain; Part ii: [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Mewborn, Suzanne. The Art of John White By Suzanne Mewborn Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian, Fall 2007. Tar Heel Junior Historian Association, NC Museum of History If you travel [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by . Paul Kane's painting (circa 1851-1856) depicts two Plains Native Americans on horseback hunting a buffalo. The introduction of horses by Spanish settlers changed the way Plains Indians lived. For [...] (from NCpedia.)

by Corkran, D. H. Attakullakulla, a Cherokee diplomat, warrior, and statesman—known to the English as The Little Carpenter, because his name meant "wood leaning up" and therefore suggested house-building—became one of [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Williams, Wiley J. In response to orders from King George III, the leaders of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia met with representatives of the southern Indians (Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Aztec empire map This map shows the extent of the Aztec empire before its conquest by the Spanish around [...] (from NCpedia.)

by . Backfilling the Occaneechi Town excavationStudent backfilling an archaeological [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Bartholomé de Las CasasConstantino Brumidi’s 1876 painting, Bartholomé de Las Casas, depicts de las Casas and an American Indian in a room, viewed through an arched window. De las Casas is sitting [...] (from NCpedia.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Cross, Dennis W. Basket making has likely been a part of North Carolina's history as long as human beings have inhabited the region. Although the fragility of basket materials means that few related artifacts still [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Wetmore, Ruth Y. Bear River Indians, an Algonquian tribe also known as the Bay River Indians, lived between the Pamlico and Neuse Rivers in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. They were neighbors of [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Job, Jennifer. Biased image of American IndiansStudents follow the directions listed in this handout to complete the main activity. There are two version of the handout in this document: one with the URLs of the [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by Johnson, F. Roy. Tom Blunt (or Blount), a head chief and king of the North Carolina Tuscarora Indians, of obscure parentage, lived in the Upper Towns. During his time these numbered seven and formed one of three [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Broken spear point from Stanly County, North Carolina, ca. 8000 BC. The notch at the bottom was often made so that the projectile point could be tied to the spear. The groves on the edges is where [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by DiNome, William G. Burial Customs by William G. DiNome, 2006 See also: Funerals; Town Creek Indian Mound. The nature of the specific burial customs that may have existed among the people inhabiting the [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by O'Donnell, James H., III. Alexander Cameron, British Indian agent, was born in Scotland during the early eighteenth century and emigrated to the Southern colonies with a number of his countrymen in the 1730s and 1740s. It is [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Stick, David. Canoes have provided a primary form of transportation on the sounds, rivers, and bays of coastal North Carolina for centuries. In the 1580s the explorers and colonists sent to Roanoke Island by Sir [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by DiNome, William G. Cape Fear Indians were likely associated with North Carolina's eastern Siouan tribes, possibly the Waccamaw, but it is not clear whether they were independent or part of some other tribe. The native [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Mammen, Edwin H. Carolina Indian Voice, a weekly newspaper published in Pembroke, was established on 18 Jan. 1973. It serves the interests of the Lumbee Indians in Robeson County, who make up approximately one-third [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Moore, David G. Catawba Indians are often referred to as the Catawba Nation, a term that describes an eighteenth-century amalgamation of different peoples that included the Catawba Indians. Historically, the [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Ceramic bowl from Macon County, North Carolina, ca. AD 1500. The bowl is classified as a Middle Qualla ( AD ca.1450- ca. 1700 ) bowl based since it is stamped and its shape. The shape of the bowl is [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Ceramic Figurine From Haywood County, NC Ceramic figurine from Haywood County, North Carolina, ca. AD 200. This figurine is part of the Connestee period, which began around AD 200 in the [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Ceramic pot from Cherokee County, North Carolina, ca. AD 1770. This pot is classified as Late Qualla (AD 1700-1838). Features of Late Qualla pottery are similar to Middle Qualla (AD ca.1450- [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Ceramic Pot From Orange County, NC Ceramic pot from Orange County, North Carolina, ca. AD [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Williams, Wiley J. The Cherokee Botanical Garden, first opened to the public in May 1953, adjoins Oconaluftee Indian Village on the Cherokee Indian Reservation (Qualla Boundary) in western North Carolina. The garden is [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . John Ross: A Cherokee [...] (from NCpedia.)

by Anderson, William L., Wetmore, Ruth Y., Bell, John L., Jr. Part i: Overview; Part ii: Cherokee origins and first European contact; Part iii: Disease, destruction, and the loss of Cherokee land; Part iv: Revolutionary War, Cherokee defeat and additional land [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Anderson, William L., Wetmore, Ruth Y. Part i:Overview; Part ii: Cherokee origins and first European contact; Part iii: Disease, destruction, and the loss of Cherokee land; Part iv: Revolutionary War, Cherokee defeat and additional land [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Anderson, William L., Wetmore, Ruth Y. Part i: Overview; Part ii: Cherokee origins and first European contact; Part iii: Disease, destruction, and the loss of Cherokee land; Part iv: Revolutionary War, Cherokee defeat and additional land [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Anderson, William L., Wetmore, Ruth Y. Part i: Overview; Part ii: Cherokee origins and first European contact; Part iii: Disease, destruction, and the loss of Cherokee land; Part iv: Revolutionary War, Cherokee defeat and additional land [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Anderson, William L., Wetmore, Ruth Y. Part i: Overview; Part ii: Cherokee origins and first European contact; Part iii: Disease, destruction, and the loss of Cherokee land; Part iv: Revolutionary War, Cherokee defeat and additional land [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Anderson, William L., Wetmore, Ruth Y. Part i: Overview; Part ii: Cherokee origins and first European contact; Part iii: Disease, destruction, and the loss of Cherokee land; Part iv: Revolutionary War, Cherokee defeat and additional land [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Anderson, William L., Wetmore, Ruth Y. Part i: Overview; Part ii: Cherokee origins and first European contact; Part iii: Disease, destruction, and the loss of Cherokee land; Part iv: Revolutionary War, Cherokee defeat and additional land [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Anderson, William L., Wetmore, Ruth Y. Part i: Overview; Part ii: Cherokee origins and first European contact; Part iii: Disease, destruction, and the loss of Cherokee land; Part iv: Revolutionary War, Cherokee defeat and additional land [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by Frey, Ben. Cherokee is very different from European lanugages. Many European languages—French, Spanish, and Italian, for example—relate in some way to each other, Cherokee has no basic relationship to these [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by . The Cherokee language is written in a syllabary invented by Sequoyah, also known as George Guess, in 1819. Each symbol represents a syllable rather than a single phoneme as in English. There are far [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Chipped-stone drill from Stanly County, NCChipped-stone drill from Stanly County, North Carolina, 8000-6000 [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Evans, Phillip W. Chowanoac Indians by Phillip W. Evans, [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Morrow, Megan. Cockrill, Ann(e) Gower Robertson Johns(t)on by Megan Morrow, SLNC Government and Heritage Library, August 2023 February 10, 1757-October 13, 1821 Ann(e) Gower Robertson Johns(t)on Cockrill [...] (from NCpedia.)

by Wegner, Ansley Herring. The Coharie, like most Indians, depended largely on oral traditions for remembering and passing along their culture and history.  The first recorded meeting of the tribe was in 1910 and at that [...] (from Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History.)

by Wegner, Ansley Herring. The Coharie, like most Indians, depended largely on oral traditions for remembering and passing along their culture and history.  The first recorded meeting of the tribe was in 1910 and at that [...] (from Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Williams, Wiley J. The North Carolina Commission of Indian Affairs was created by the 1971 General Assembly as a response to requests of concerned Indian citizens. Among the important concerns of the commission were [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Common artifacts: clay pipe fragmentsCommon artifacts: clay pipe fragments Photograph of clay pipe fragments found at Occaneechi Town. The Occaneechi smoked tobacco, and possibly other plants. This [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Comparing CulturesAn activity sheet for each [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by . Conch-shell gorget from Stokes County, NCConch-shell gorget from Stokes County, NCConch-shell gorget from Stokes County, North Carolina, AD [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Richardson, Marvin. Imagine a series of circles or rings, filled with action—sights, colors, tastes, smells, and sounds—all connected to and celebrating the American Indian heritage of the event’s participants. This [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Green, Michael D. Coree Indians, when first encountered by Europeans arriving in what is now North Carolina, were living south of the Neuse River along the Atlantic Coast. Like other Indians of the Coastal Plain, the [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Evans, Phillip W. CROATOAN was the sole complete word found on Roanoke Island by John White on 18 Aug. 1590 in his search for the English colonists, including his granddaughter Virginia Dare, whom he had left there [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Evans, Phillip W. The Croatoan Indians were a tribal group of Carolina Algonquians who probably inhabited both present-day Hatteras and Ocracoke Islands at the time of the arrival of the English explorers and [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Copeland, J. Isaac. John Crowell, Indian agent, territorial delegate, and congressman, was born in Halifax County. His father, Edward, had left New Jersey to settle in North Carolina, where he married a Miss Rabun, an [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Wegner, Ansley Herring. Dasemunkepeuc was an Algonquian village on the mainland shore of Roanoke Sound, near modern-day Mann’s Harbor. It was the principal home of Wingina, a weroance (a regional leader) well-known to [...] (from Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Anderson, William L. The Battle of Deep Creek, also called the Battle of Quallatown, was a Civil War engagement that occurred on February 2, 1864. Union troops from the 14th Illinois Cavalry under Major Francis M. [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Diagram of matrilineal kinship This diagram shows matrilineal kinship as it existed in Cherokee culture. In the diagram, Quatie is a Cherokee girl; the shaded shapes are people related to her by [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . William H. Powell's painting, Discovery of the Mississippi by De Soto, depicts Hernando de Soto's encounter with the Mississippi River in 1541. De Soto was the first European to view the river. In [...] (from NCpedia.)

by Barton, Bruce. Double Voting: A Personal Account "'Double Voting' in Robeson County: A Reminder of an Unequal Past" by Bruce Barton Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian. Fall [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Porter, Matthew C. The English language in North Carolina has been growing and evolving since 1584, when the first English explorers to visit North America came to the Outer Banks, making it the first place in the New [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Anderson, Jean B. The Eno Indians were likely one of the loosely related tribes of Siouan-speaking Native Americans living in the Piedmont of what is now North Carolina at the time of European exploration. Little is [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Cecelski, David S. I visited Lois Epps Jones in High Plains, an Indian community north of Roxboro, in Person County. Her great-grandfather found refuge in High Plains during the Cherokee Removal. Now she is one of the [...] (from Listening to History, News and Observer.)

by Anderson, William L. The Battle of Etchoe took place during the Cherokee War of 1760-61 between the Cherokee and the English. That war, a subconflict within the French and Indian War, began when whites murdered a number [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Agan, Kelly. Exploring North Carolina: American Indian History This page gathers resources in NCpedia that [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Fabric-impressed pottery from Halifax County, North Carolina, 1000 BC-AD 500Broken spear point from Stanly County, North Carolina, ca. 8000 [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Frankenberg, Dirk. [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Fishing weir near Eastport, Maine. A weir is a traditional American Indian fishing device, consisting of a trap made of sticks or brush with a large basket in the middle. Weir designs vary according [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Branch, Paul, Jr., Marshall, R. Jackson, III. French and Indian War (1754-63) grew out of competition between Great Britain and France for land in North America. As part of the larger Seven Years War in Europe, colonists and Indians were caught [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Jack, Emily. French and Indian War Cherokee At a French and Indian War re-enactment at Fort Dobbs, North Carolina, three men portraying Cherokee warriors have a discussion in the woods with a man portraying a [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Agan, Kelly. Charles George, member of the Cherokee Tribe and Korean War hero, was born on August 23, 1932 within the Qualla Boundary of North Carolina. Given the named “Tsali”, translated as Charles or Charlie, [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Glimpses of Indian LifeA narrative of glimpses of Indian [...] (from NCpedia.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Davis, R. P. Stephen, Jr. The Great Trading Path, or the Occaneechi Path, was one of many Indian trails in use when the English first explored the North Carolina backcountry during the late seventeenth century. Before [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Criner, Allyson C. Greene County, located in the Coastal Plain region of east central North Carolina, was formed from Dobbs County (which no longer exists) in 1791. Tuscarora Indians originally inhabited the region, [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Cashion, Jerry C. Arataswa or Oroloswa Hagler, king or head man of the Catawbas (ca. 1749–63), lived and died in the region that was in bitter dispute between the two Carolinas. Upon the murder of The Young Warrior [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Wetmore, Ruth Y. The Haliwa nation and its people were recognized as a tribe by the North Carolina legislature in 1965. The tribal name is a combination of Halifax and Warren Counties, where the majority of the [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Newlin, Algie I. Jeremiah Hubbard was an educator, Quaker leader, and political activist. He was born in Mecklenburg County, Va., and was the son of Joseph and Ann Crews Hubbard. He was the grandson of [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Inca empire map This map shows the land controlled by the Inca empire during the 15th and 16th [...] (from NCpedia.)

by Marshall, Patricia Phillips, Hazel, Forest. Many students of history know about the career of Thomas Day, a free African American who, by 1850, had built North Carolina’s largest cabinetmaking shop in Milton, Caswell County. Day designed and [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Oxendine, Linda. Indian Museum of the Carolinas by Linda Oxendine, 2006 The Indian Museum of the Carolinas is nestled in a grove of pine, sweet gum, and white oak trees off Turnpike Road in Laurinburg. [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Magnuson, Tom, Williams, Wiley J. Indian Trading Paths by Tom Magnuson, 2006 Additional research provided by Wiley J. Williams. See also: Great Trading Path; Trading [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Powell, William S. "Integral society" was a descriptive term for the objective of royal governor Arthur Dobbs (1754-63) to alleviate the problem of unsatisfactory race relations between the English and the different [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Davis, Lenwood. Many people are unaware of the numerous inventions and scientific breakthroughs that have happened in North Carolina. They probably have heard of Wilbur and Orville Wright and the first sustained, [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Case, Steven. Andrew Jackson by State Library of North Carolina, edited by Steven Case, 2009; Revised by SLNC Government and Heritage Library, May 2023 March 15, 1767 - June 8, 1845. Without union our [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Lerch, Patricia B., Jacobs, Priscilla Freeman. Priscilla Freeman Jacobs Related Entries: American Indian Education Longtime Chief of the Waccamaw-Siouan by Dr. Patricia B. Lerch, in collaboration with Priscilla Freeman Jacobs Reprinted [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Job, Jennifer. John Lederer webquestStudents complete this webquest in order to learn more about the exploration of Western North [...] (from NCpedia.)

by . [...] (from NCpedia.)

by . [...] (from NCpedia.)

by Anderson, William L. Judaculla Rock, associated with the Cherokee legend of Tsu'kalu, is a large soapstone rock covered with petroglyphs located on Caney Fork Creek off N.C. 107 in Jackson County. According to legend, [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by McKinney, Gordon B. Junaluska, Cherokee warrior and hero of Andrew Jackson's victory over the Creeks at Horseshoe Bend in 1814, was born near the head of the Little Tennessee River in either Macon County, N.C., or Rabun [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Green, Michael D. The Keyauwee Indians, at the beginning of the eighteenth century, were living in a town surrounded by palisades located near the Uwharrie River in present-day Randolph County. Nestled in a valley [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from NCpedia.)

by . John Vanderlyn's painting, Landing of Columbus, commissioned in 1836/1837, depicts Christopher Columbus' landing in the West Indies in 1492. Columbus holds the royal banner of Spain, laying claim to [...] (from NCpedia.)

by Wolfram, Walt, Reaser, Jeffrey. Have you ever used a juvember for target practice, seen a boomer in a tree, or acted like a dingbatter? If you know what these words mean, you probably have traveled all over North Carolina and know [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Towery, Keri. Native Americans have very different views about learning and teaching than other population groups in the United States. Their children learn to respect individuals and to encourage the talents of [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Butler, Lindley S. John Lederer's expedition of 20 May 1670 to 18 July 1670, the second of three journeys by the German explorer, was the first extensive exploration of the Carolina Piedmont and provided the first [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Smith, Donald B. Long Lance, Buffalo Child [Clark Long, Sylvester]  by Donald B. Smith, 1991; Revised by Jared Dease, Government and Heritage Library, December 2022 1 Dec. 1890–20 Mar. 1932 Buffalo [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Evans, Phillip W. The Lost Colony is the popular name given to the English colony of approximately 150 men, women, and boys that settled on Roanoke Island in July 1587 under the leadership of artist John White. The [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Mitchell, Thornton W. During the Civil War many Lumbee Indians of Robeson County banded together under the leadership of Allen Lowry and hid in swamps along the Lumber River to avoid forced labor in the building of [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by McElroy, Jenny. The Lowry War by Jenny McElroy UNC - North Carolina Collection, 2008 "This Month in North Carolina History" series. Reprinted with permission. On March 3, 1865, Allen Lowry and his son William [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by Evans, William Mckee. Lowry, Henry Berry by William Mckee Evans, 1991; Revised by Jared Dease, Government and Heritage Library, December 2022 ca. 1846–72? See also:  Henry Berry Lowry, By Jefferson Currie, [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Currie, Jefferson. On a hot June day in 1999, a young Lumbee Indian man, Randall Oxendine, stood on the banks of the old millpond at Bear Swamp and yelled, “I’m gonna get you, Henry Berry!”  Gabrial Cummings [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Vigneras, L. A. Don de Velasco Luis, Indian chieftain, was the brother of the cacique of Ajacan, located inside Chesapeake Bay between the thirty-seventh and thirty-eighth parallels. As a boy, he was picked up by [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Stilling, Glenn Ellen Starr. Part i: Introduction; Part ii: Theories of Lumbee Origins; Part iii: Discrimination and Injustice in the Nineteenth Century; Part iv: Lumbee Pursuit of Education, Civil Rights, and Self-Governance; [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Stilling, Glenn Ellen Starr. Part i:Introduction; Part ii: Theories of Lumbee Origins; Part iii: Discrimination and Injustice in the Nineteenth Century; Part iv: Lumbee Pursuit of Education, Civil Rights, and Self-Governance; [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Stilling, Glenn Ellen Starr. Part i: Introduction; Part ii: Theories of Lumbee Origins; Part iii: Discrimination and Injustice in the Nineteenth Century; Part iv: Lumbee Pursuit of Education, Civil Rights, and Self-Governance; [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Stilling, Glenn Ellen Starr. Part i: Introduction; Part ii: Theories of Lumbee Origins; Part iii: Discrimination and Injustice in the Nineteenth Century; Part iv: Lumbee Pursuit of Education, Civil Rights, and Self-Governance; [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Stilling, Glenn Ellen Starr. Part i: Introduction; Part ii: Theories of Lumbee Origins; Part iii: Discrimination and Injustice in the Nineteenth Century; Part iv: Lumbee Pursuit of Education, Civil Rights, and Self-Governance; [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Stilling, Glenn Ellen Starr. Part i: Introduction; Part ii: Theories of Lumbee Origins; Part iii: Discrimination and Injustice in the Nineteenth Century; Part iv: Lumbee Pursuit of Education, Civil Rights, and Self-Governance; [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Stilling, Glenn Ellen Starr. Part i:Introduction; Part ii: Theories of Lumbee Origins; Part iii: Discrimination and Injustice in the Nineteenth Century; Part iv: Lumbee Pursuit of Education, Civil Rights, and Self-Governance; [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Graham, Nicholas. Lumbee Indians Face the Ku Klux Klan, 1958 by Nicholas Graham UNC - North Carolina Collection, 2005 "This Month in North Carolina History" series. Reprinted with permission. See also: Lumbee [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Quinn, David B. Manteo, leading Carolina Algonquian Indian, was a member of the ruling family of the Croatoan subtribe of the coastal Algonquian group. His mother (or adopted mother) appears to have been the [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Map of Rutherford's Expedition, 1776 Rutherford Expedition, 1776 brochure produced by the North Carolina Office of Archives and History and the Eastern Band of Cherokee [...] (from NCpedia.)

by . Map of state-recognized Indian tribes and organizations in North CarolinaMap of state-recognized Indian tribes and organizations in North [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by DiNome, William G., Spencer, R. S., Jr. Mattamuskeet American Indian Tribe by R. S. Spencer Jr. and William G. DiNome, 2006; Revised by SLNC Government and Heritage Library, August 2023 The Mattamuskeet American Indians, also [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Stacy, Robin Purser. Hamilton McMillan, lawyer and author, described as "a full-blooded Scotchman," was born in Cumberland County near Fayetteville, the only child of William and Ann Peterson McMillan. His earliest [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Menius, Arthur C., III. Medicine Shows by Arthur Menius, 2006 See also: Crazy Water Crystals; Patent Medicines; Country Music Medicine shows, from roughly the end of the Civil War through the 1940s, provided a [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Coffey, Michael W. The Meherrin call themselves “People of the Water,” or Kauwets’a:ka (pronounced gau went ch-AAga). They are an Iroquois people, and thus share language, culture, traditions, and allegiance with the [...] (from Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History.)

by Johnson, F. Roy. Menatonon, king of the Chowanoc Indians, was old and infirm in his limbs when Governor Ralph Lane explored the Chowan River in the spring of 1586. Both the English and the Indians regarded him as the [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Frankenberg, Dirk. [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Anderson, William L. The Museum of the Cherokee Indian, established in 1948, was originally housed in a log building on the Qualla Boundary of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. The initial collection of the museum [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Frankenberg, Dirk. [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Claggett, Stephen R. Native American Settlement of North Carolina by Stephen R. Claggett; Revised by SLNC Government and Heritage Library, July 2023 Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian. [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by de Bry, Theodor. Native American Village of PomeioocHand-colored version of Theodor de Bry's engraving of the American Indian town of Pomeiooc. De Bry's engraving, "The Towne of Pomeiooc," was originally published [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Job, Jennifer. Native Americans in North CarolinaStudents use this handout to guide their research and to help them create a [...] (from NCpedia.)

by Simpson, Marcus B., Jr. First published in Dublin in 1737, John Brickell's Natural History of North-Carolina was ostensibly written from firsthand observations made by Brickell during his sojourn in North Carolina. The [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Richardson, Gregory A. In the mid-1900s, American Indian communities in North Carolina were struggling for survival, facing many adversities, and without a voice in local or state government. These communities were, for [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Howard, Joshua. By Joshua Howard, Research Branch, North Carolina Office of Archives and History, 2011; Revised by Government and Heritage Library, April [...] (from Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History.)

by Wilson, Sheila. North Carolina Legends & Myths: The “Three Sisters” as told by Shelia Wilson Reprinted with permission from Tar Heel Junior Historian 45:1 (Fall 2005). Copyright 2005, North Carolina [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by . North Carolina Quilts By Kelly Agan, N.C. Government & Heritage Library, [...] (from NCpedia K-8 Collection.)

by McKown, Harry W., Jr. On February 10, 1885, the state of North Carolina legally recognized the identity of the "Indians of Robeson County," a milestone in the history of the tribe now known as the Lumbee. One scholar has [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by Davis, R. P. Stephen, Jr. The Occaneechi Indians were a tribe of American Indians who lived in the Piedmont region of what are now North Carolina and southern Virginia prior to European settlement. They are first mentioned in [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Occaneechi Town excavation grid Illustration of a portion of the Occaneechi Town excavation grid. (North is at the top of the [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Holland, Ron. On 16 Aug. 1950 the board of trustees of the Cherokee Historical Association in Cherokee-sponsor of the popular outdoor drama Unto These Hills-approved the idea of constructing a replica of an [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by de Bry, Theodor. Old portrait of Hernando de Soto"The Brovvyllinge of Their Fishe ouer the Flame." Theodor de Bry's engraving of two American Indian men cooking fish, published in Thomas Hariot's 1588 book A Briefe [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Kapp, M. Keith. Outlawry, involving declarations issued by the courts against fleeing felons, came to North Carolina as part of English common law. During the Regulator crisis in 1764, a statute replacing common-law [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Wegner, Ansley Herring. Paint Rock By Ansley Wegner, Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History, [...] (from Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Wetmore, Ruth Y. The Pamlico Indians lived south of the Pamlico River in present-day Beaufort and Pamlico Counties and were known as the Pomouik by members of the 1585-86 Raleigh expeditions. A smallpox epidemic in [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Green, Michael D. The Pasquotank Indians, also known as the Paspatank, were last identified in the early eighteenth century on the Pasquotank River north of Albemarle Sound. They were probably part of the Weapemeoc [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Johnson, F. Roy. Pemisapan (Wingina) by F. Roy Johnson; Revised by SLNC Government and Heritage Library, February 2023 d. 1 June 1586 See also: Dasemunkepeuc Pemisapan (Wingina) was the king or [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Cross, Dennis W. Pine needle art is an outgrowth of an ancient material culture tradition in North Carolina. For several millennia, the Native Americans living in the region that became North Carolina fashioned [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Walbert, David. The tall grasses growing outside the palisade of Town Creek Indian Mound approximate the area's native prairie. When the town was inhabited by Indians of the Pee Dee culture, around the eleventh [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Spindel, Donna J. The Proclamation of 1763 is intimately tied to the history of English-Native American relations during the colonial era. The purpose of the proclamation was to stop white settlers or traders from [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Hill, Michael. The Qualla Boundary is the official name for the Eastern Band of the Cherokee's home in western North Carolina. These 57,000 acres were officially surveyed and the boundaries of The [...] (from Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History.)

by Hall, Lisa Coston. When most people look at a lump of clay or a piece of walnut, they see just that—a simple, unmoving object. Joel Queen, though, looks at such raw material and sees something waiting to be turned into [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Tetterton, Beverly. Ramps (Allium tricoccum) are wild leeks or onions found in eastern North America. They grow wild high in the Great Smoky Mountains. Related to the ramson, a kind of garlic with broad leaves, the ramp [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from NCpedia.)

by . [...] (from NCpedia.)

by Powell, William S. Parker David Robbins, soldier, legislator, and inventor, was born in Bertie County, the son of John A. Robbins; his mother's name is unknown. A mulatto with Chowan Indian ancestors, Robbins was [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Powell, William S. John Ross, friend and leader of the Cherokee Indians, was born in Cherokee country near Lookout Mountain in an area that was relinquished by North Carolina to the federal government in the same year. [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by Kennedy, John R. American Indians, and later European settlers, held salt in high esteem. Since the region lacked natural salt, even the salt "waste" from preserving hides and meats was put to use. The Indians [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Green, Michael D. The Saponi Indians were a Siouan-speaking people who lived in the Virginia Piedmont near present-day Charlottesville. John Smith found them there, in a region he broadly labeled Monacan, in 1607. [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Desiderio, Dante, Munford, Sherry Epps, Stewart, Kara. The Sappony are the only North Carolina tribe whose traditional homelands, the High Plains of the Piedmont region, cross the border of another state. They settled the area straddling Person County, [...] (from North Carolina Humanities Council and UNC American Indian Center.)

by Conway, Robert O. Saunooke, Osley Bird by Robert O. Conway, 1994 19 July 1906–15 April 1965 See also: Qualla [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Butler, Lindley S. The Saura Indians, also known as the Cheraw, were one of a number of small Siouan tribes in the colonial backcountry (the modern-day Piedmont) of North Carolina. The ancestors of the Saura are [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Currie, Jefferson. School Desegregation "With Deliberate Speed: North Carolina and School Desegregation" by Jefferson Currie II Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian. Fall 2004. Tar Heel [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Powell, William S. Secotan by William S. Powell, 2006 Secotan was a large village of Algonquian-speaking Indians that was encountered in July 1585 along both banks of the Pamlico River by Sir Richard [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Hatley Wadelington, Flora. Segregation in the 1920s "Assigned Places" by Flora Hatley Wadelington; Revised by SLNC Government and Heritage Library, June 2023 Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Folmsbee, Stanley J. Sequoyah by Stanley J. Folmsbee; Revised by SLNC Government and Heritage Library, September 2023 1770?-August 1843 Sequoyah was a Cherokee trader, silversmith, blacksmith, and inventor of [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Sequoyah In this nineteenth-century portrait, Sequoyah is shown with a tablet depicting his syllabary or writing system for the Cherokee [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Holland, Ron. Settlement of the Mountains, 1775-1838 "North Carolina's Final Frontier" Related Entries: Cherokee Indians; Asheville; Regions by Ron Holland Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Devine, Christine S. The Shakori Indians were one of several small tribes that occupied the Piedmont region of what is now North Carolina during early English colonization. The prehistoric origins of the Shakori are [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Ansley, John F. Large amounts of discarded shells, left in mounds along the coast by early Indian communities, often provide clear evidence of the people who once inhabited the region that became North Carolina. [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Cecelski, David S. One night last summer, Terry Shinn visited my family's campsite next to the French Broad River, in the Blue Ridge Mountains. The tall, soft-spoken stranger lived just up a short path, in the faded [...] (from Listening to History, News and Observer.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Green, Michael D. In 1701 Englishman John Lawson visited the Sissipahaw town on the Haw River in present-day Alamance County. Believed to have been a Siouan-speaking people, the Sissipahaw were also known as the [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Perdue, Theda. Nimrod Jarrett Smith, principal chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians from 1880 to 1891, was born near Murphy. His mother was Cherokee and his father was a white man who acted as translator [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Wegner, Ansley Herring. Nimrod Jarrett Smith 1837 - 1893 by Ansley Wegner Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and [...] (from Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Spear point from Montgomery County, NCSpear point from Montgomery County, North Carolina, 6000-5000 [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Spear point from Montgomery County, NCSpear point from Montgomery County, North Carolina, 4000-3000 [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Anderson, William L., Battle, Charles. Stickball by William L. Anderson, 2006 Additional research provided by Charles Battle. See also: Cherokee Indians Stickball, a Native American game similar to lacrosse and called [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Powell, William S. Stoga, John Astooga by William S. Powell, 1994 d. 15 Sept. 1862 John Astooga Stoga, popular Cherokee [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Stone gorget from Buncombe County, NCStone gorget from Buncombe County, North Carolina, ca. AD [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Circa 1890 photograph of string and belt wampum. "Wampum" means "white shell" in the Algonquin language family spoken by several tribes. Wampum consists of cylindrical beads made from the ends [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by O'Donnell, James H., III. John Stuart, Indian agent, was born in Iverness, Scotland. He went to sea as a young man and then sailed for America in 1748. Like other Scots of the same period, Stuart sought economic opportunity [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Powell, William S. Swimmer by William S. Powell ca. 1835–March 1899 Swimmer, Cherokee traditionalist and storyteller, was born in the Cherokee country of southwestern North Carolina. His Cherokee name, [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Baron Christoph Von Graffenried's drawing, The Death of John Lawson, depicts Von Graffenried, his servant, and John Lawson being held captive by Tuscarora tribe shortly before Lawson's death. In the [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by de Bry, Theodor. The Manner of Making Their Boats"The Manner of Makinge Their Boates." Theodor de Bry's engraving of American Indian men making boats, published in Thomas Hariot's 1588 book A Briefe and True Report [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Morrow, Claire, Chavis, Duvonya. The Meherrin Tribe is located in northeastern North Carolina, in Hertford County. As of 2011, there are approximately 900 enrolled members. The tribe maintains an official website with more [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Parramore, Thomas C., Watson, Harry L., Nathans, Sydney, Anderson, Jean B., Clayton, Thomas H., Fenn, Elizabeth A., Wood, Peter H. By Elizabeth A. Fenn, Peter H. Wood, Harry L. Watson, Thomas H. Clayton, Sydney Nathans, Thomas C. Parramore, and Jean B. Anderson; Maps by Mark Anderson Moore. Edited by Joe A. Mobley. [...] (from The Way We Lived in North Carolina, NC Office of Archives and History and UNC Press.)

by de Bry, Theodor. "Their Manner of Fishynge in Virginia." Theodor de Bry's engraving of American Indians fishing, published in Thomas Hariot's 1588 book A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia. In [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Anderson, William L. Thomas's Legion was formed during the Civil War by William Holland Thomas, the only white man ever to become chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Believing that North Carolinians would not [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by McKinney, Gordon B. William Holland Thomas, white chief of the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians, legislator, and Confederate officer, was born in rural Haywood County shortly after the death of his father, Richard [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Reising, R. W. Thorpe, James Francis by R. W. Reising, 1996 28 May 1888–28 Mar. 1953 See also: Jim Thorpe and Babe Ruth James Francis Thorpe, perhaps the greatest performer in the history of sport, spent [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Walbert, David. Town Creek burial house and guard towerTown Creek burial house and guard towerThis photograph, taken inside the town center at Town Creek Indian Mound, shows a recreation of the Town Creek burial [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Locklear, Alexis W. Town Creek Indian Mound is located five miles southeast of Mount Gilead in Montgomery County. More than 600 years ago, migrating Indians selected this spot overlooking the Little River for a [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Walbert, David. The earthen mound after which Town Creek Indian Mound is named is the town's principal structure. The mound, made from soil carried in baskets on people's backs, was built on the site of an earlier [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Walbert, David. At Town Creek Indian Mound, a recreation of the town's minor temple has been built on the site of the original, across the plaza from the major temple. The rectangular temple had a thatch roof and [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Bingham, William H., Jr. Trading Ford was a shallow area of the Yadkin River located about seven miles northeast of Salisbury. As one of the few places where the Yadkin could be crossed on foot or horseback, Trading Ford was [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Powell, William S. Tryon's Line by William S. Powell, 2006 See Also: Proclamation of 1763 Tryon's Line, running roughly north to south across western North Carolina, came about as a result of the Royal [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Parramore, Thomas C., Towles, Louis P., Stevenson, George, Jr., Thompson, Harry L. Tuscarora Indians by Thomas C. Parramore, 2006; Revised November 2022. Additional research provide by George Stevenson, Harry L. Thompson, and Louis P. Towles. See also: NCpedia articles [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Belton, Tom. Today North Carolina is a major center for aviation-related military bases. These include the Coast Guard station at Elizabeth City; the Marine Corps Air Station at Cherry Point, which provides [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Williams, Wiley J. The University of North Carolina at Pembroke was established on 7 Mar. 1887 as Croatan Normal School by the General Assembly at the request of the Lumbee Indians and other Native Americans in the [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Trotman, Mary Nelle. Usteneka, Cherokee leader, is referred to in some sources as Ostenaco, Autositty, Ustonekka, Outacite, Outacity, and Judd's Friend. There seems to be no substantial agreement among sources as to [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by DiNome, William G. The Waccamaw Indians were a Siouan-speaking tribe, probably related to the so-called Cape Fear Indians, who populated parts of modern-day southeastern North Carolina. At the time of the first English [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Quinn, David B. Wanchese, (name from bird-gens), was an Algonquian Indian of the Roanoke tribe living on or near the present Roanoke Island. He was taken to England in September 1584 by Arthur Barlowe, who had been [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Wilson, Emily Herring. Nancy Ward “War Woman” of the Cherokee by Emily Herring Wilson, Tar Heel Junior Historian, Spring 1994; Revised by SLNC Government and Heritage Library, May 2023 Reprinted with permission [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Duncan, Barbara Reimensnyder. A powerful cry echoes from the mountains: “Whoooooo hooo!” A group of Cherokee men answers even louder: “Whoooooo hooo!” The cry from the mountains echoes back. Seven men walk out, covered in red [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Cockrell, David L. The Watauga Settlement was the first community established in North Carolina's western frontier and holds the distinction of being perhaps the first American settlement west of the Appalachian [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Green, Michael D. The Weapemeoc Indians, also known as the Yeopim Indians, were a branch of Algonquian-speaking peoples living in sprawling villages along the northern rim of the Albemarle Sound when the Roanoke [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Barefoot, Daniel W. The mysterious disappearance between 1587 and 1590 of the English colonists on Roanoke Island, known as the "Lost Colony," spawned numerous legends and ghost stories among the people who later [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Williams, Wiley J. The Yamassee War, although fought in what is now South Carolina, involved many North Carolina Indian tribes. The war began on 15 Apr. 1715 as a reaction to the abusive trade practices that white [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Hill, Michael. The Yeopim Indians were small in number but played important roles in North Carolina history. Part of the Algonquian linguistic group, the Yeopim inhabited the present counties of Camden, Currituck, [...] (from Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History.)

by Perdue, Theda. Yonaguska (or Drowning Bear), was head chief of the Cherokee middle towns in the crucial years from 1800 until his death. The exact date and place of his birth are unknown, but Charles Lanman, who [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)