Copyright Notice: This article is from the Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, 6 volumes, edited by William S. Powell. Copyright ©1979-1996 by the University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission of the publisher. For personal use and not for further distribution. Please submit permission requests for other use directly to the publisher.

by Martin Reidinger, 1994

23 May 1852–6 Dec. 1933

Portrait of E. E. Smith, from Arthur B. Caldwell's <i>History of the American Negro and His Institutions</i>, p. 270, published 1917, A. B. Caldwell Publishing Co., Atlanta, GA. Presented on Archive.org.
Portrait of E. E. Smith, from Arthur B. Caldwell's History of the American Negro and His Institutions, p. 270, published 1917, A. B. Caldwell Publishing Co., Atlanta, GA. Presented on Archive.org.
Ezekiel Ezra Smith, educator and diplomat, the son of free Black Americans Alexander and Caroline Smith, was born in Duplin County on the farm where his father was working as a laborer. His mother's family had been free for many generations, but his father was the first of his family to be emancipated. Because of laws prohibiting the teaching of Black people, the young boy received no formal education, but he did learn from his white playmates. After the Civil War he attended a school in Wilmington conducted at night by the Freedmen's Bureau, but he worked in naval stores during the day. In 1869 he moved to Wayne County, where he attended the equivalent of high school while also becoming a teacher himself. After four years of preparation, he enrolled in Shaw University and received a bachelor's degree in 1878.

Accepting a position as principal of a Black grade school in Goldsboro, young Smith began a lifelong friendship with Dr. Edwin A. Alderman, principal of one of the white schools there. In 1883 he was selected to succeed Charles W. Chesnutt as head of the Fayetteville State Normal School, then only five years old, which met in a small four-room building and faced financial difficulties. Smith is credited with saving the school, now Fayetteville State University. Also an ordained Baptist minister, he was pastor of the First Baptist Church in Fayetteville for six years. He served as president of the State Baptist Convention and was a member of the executive board of the Lott Carey Foreign Missions Convention.

The fact that Smith had been a member of the Democratic party since the early 1870s is assumed to be the reason he won legislative support for his school. His political orientation also resulted in his appointment by Democratic president Grover Cleveland as resident minister and general consul to the Republic of Liberia in 1888. In that post he was able to restore more cordial relations between Liberia and the United States.

With a change in the national administration, Smith returned home and earned a doctorate from Shaw University. He spent one year as principal of a high school in Asheville before returning to the Fayetteville institution that he had previously led. With a new campus and new buildings came better support and development into a degree-granting college. He remained the head of that institution for the remainder of his life, spending a total of forty-two years there except for an occasional leave of absence. He was president of the State Teachers' Association in 1906.

A man of many talents, Smith was appointed a major in the Home Guard in 1880 and was adjutant with the rank of captain in the Third North Carolina Regiment in 1898; though recruited for service in the Spanish-American War, he was never called up. In 1881 he organized and operated the Carolina Enterprise, the first newspaper in the state for Black citizens. Later he was editor of the Banner Enterprise and the Baptist Sentinel.

Smith married Willie A. Burnett on 17 Nov. 1875, and they were the parents of one son, E. E., Jr., who became a physician in Newport News, Va. His wife died in 1907, and the following year he married Nannie Louise Goode. He was buried in Brookside Cemetery, Fayetteville.

References:

Arthur B. Caldwell, History of the American Negro and His Institutions, vol. 4, North Carolina ed. (1921 [portrait]).

Fayetteville Observer, 7 Dec. 1933.

Charles H. Hamlin, Ninety Bits of North Carolina Biography (1946).

Nathan C. Newbold, Five North Carolina Negro Educators (1939 [portrait]).

Paths Toward Freedom (1976).

Who Was Who in America, vol. 3 (1960).

Additional Resources:

"E.E. Smith 1852-1933." North Carolina Highway Historical Marker Program. https://www.ncdcr.gov/about/history/division-historical-resources/nc-highway-historical-marker-program/Markers.aspx?MarkerId=F-8 (accessed April 15, 2014).

"FSU History." Public Relations.  Fayetteville State University. http://www.uncfsu.edu/pr/fsu-history (accessed April 15, 2014).

Image Credits:

"[E. E. Smith]."  Portrait.  In Arthur Bunyan Caldwell, History of the American Negro and his institutions. Atlanta, Ga.: A. B. Caldwell Publishing Co. 1917. 270. https://archive.org/details/historyofamerica04cald (accessed April 15, 2014).

Citation

Reidinger, Martin. "Smith, Ezekiel Ezra." NCpedia. Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press. Accessed on December 21st, 2024. https://ncpedia.org/biography/smith-ezekiel-ezra.