6 Apr. 1846–4 Oct. 1923
Licensed to practice in 1870, Long established himself as an attorney in Graham for two years. Afterwards he was a railroad conductor for a year and taught school for another year before moving to Yanceyville, where he practiced law for a decade. For three years he was an attorney in Durham but then returned to Graham, where he remained for the rest of his life. For a time he was in partnership with his son, J. Elmer Long, who was lieutenant governor from 1925 to 1929.
In 1868, when the Ku Klux Klan was introduced into Alamance County from Guilford County, Long was named chief of Camp Number One. He soon organized ten camps to which the leading citizens of Alamance and Caswell counties belonged. Their stated objective was to keep law and order; reportedly, Long's only order as chief was to get armed blacks off the streets of Graham. Eventually, federal authorities learned about the Klan's activities through James E. Boyd, a former member. As a result, Long left Graham and went to Arkansas. After six months, however, he returned and resumed his law practice. Within a short time, he was arrested and charged with being an accessory to the murder of Wyatt Outlaw, a black, who had been hanged near the courthouse in Graham on 26 Feb. 1870. While appearing as attorney in another case, Long was required to post a daily bond of ten thousand dollars. When told that he would be exonerated of all charges if he would reveal the names of others involved with the Klan, he refused. On 20 Dec. 1871, while under arrest but free on bond, Long married Esta Teague. Two days later all charges against him were dismissed.
In 1886 Long was nominated by the Democratic party for solicitor of the Fifth District, but he was defeated by the Republican candidate. In 1893 he was his party's candidate for the General Assembly and was elected, serving a single term.
The Longs were the parents of six children: Julia Stuart (m. Seth E. Everatt), Jenny Patterson (m. John C. Halliday), Jacob Elmer (m. Lessie E. Peay), Pearl M. (m. Robert J. Mebane), Anna Claudia (m. Hershey Woodward, Jr.), Ralph (m. Cornelia Taylor), and Rebekah Kathleen (m. A. H. Graham, lieutenant governor, 1933–37). Among Long's brothers were William S., president of Elon College; Daniel A., president of Antioch College; George W., a member of the State Board of Medical Examiners; and Benjamin F., a superior court judge. Long was an elder in the Presbyterian church and a Sunday school superintendent.