26 Nov. 1800–April 1883
Entering politics as a Jacksonian Democrat, Courts represented Surry County in the House of Commons for four terms in 1831–33 and in 1836. In the last session of the legislature he was elected state treasurer, a position he held for two years until 1839, when he resigned to take an appointment by President Martin Van Buren as U.S. consul at Matanzas, Cuba. Following a short tenure in this post, he returned to North Carolina and his home county, Rockingham. Reentering politics, he was elected from Rockingham County to the House of Commons in 1846 and 1848 and to the senate in 1850. While in the senate he was again elected state treasurer, serving ably from 1852 until January 1863. When North Carolina seceded from the United States, he became a member of the prosecession faction of the Democratic party. He was defeated in 1862 by Jonathan Worth, the nominee of the party led by the newly elected governor, Zebulon Vance.
From Raleigh, Courts returned to his substantial Rockingham County plantation, which had in 1860 over a thousand acres and ensalved forty-six people. His last political office was a term in the state senate in 1864. During the economic disruption of the postwar period, he sold his property in Rockingham County to satisfy debts and moved back to Raleigh, where he lived quietly until his death. He was buried in Rockingham County.
In 1828, Courts married Eliza Allen Waugh (1807–43) of Waughtown, Stokes County; they had a family of three daughters, M.E., J.J., and Eliza A., and two sons, William James and George Albert. After the death of his first wife, Courts married Martha Jones (1803–62) of White Plains, Wake County, on 16 Nov. 1847.