19 May 1869–10 Feb. 1937
At the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, meeting in Asheville, N.C., in 1910, Mouzon was elected bishop. He presided over most of the church's annual conferences from 1910 to 1937, as well as serving Texas Methodism (1910–20), Tennessee Methodism (1922–26), the Upper South Carolina and South Carolina annual conferences (1926–30), and Methodism in North Carolina (1926–34). Residing in Charlotte, he was the first bishop to preside over eight consecutive sessions in the state. In 1934 he was assigned episcopal duty in Virginia, West Virginia, the Baltimore Conference, and Washington, D.C., while still living in Charlotte. It was observed that in all of his contacts he was never hasty in making decisions, was sensitive to the needs of his ministers, and never uttered a bitter word towards those who differed with him.
Bishop Mouzon pioneered the "open cabinet" system of ministerial appointments, whereby the bishop consulted with his cabinet, clergymen, and churches in question. In 1910, by action of the General Conference, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, adopted the cabinet system. In 1930 Mouzon presided over the organization of the newly autonomous Brazil Methodist church, and he also held conferences in Cuba, Japan, and Korea. He was instrumental in the merger of Davenport and Greensboro colleges as well as in the merger of Weaver and Rutherford colleges. While he was bishop in North Carolina, the Brevard Institute property was accepted by the North Carolina Conference and reopened as Brevard College.
In 1923 Mouzon and two other Methodist bishops endorsed a movement to secure the membership of the United States in the League of Nations. He also opposed the candidacy of Alfred E. Smith for president of the United States, and he spoke out against the Ku Klux Klan. In 1929 he gave the Lyman Beecher Lectures at Yale University; on other occasions, he delivered the Fondren Lectures at Southern Methodist University and the Cole Lectures at Vanderbilt University.
Mouzon participated in the campaigns of 1936 and 1937 to raise funds for missionary work. In addition, he served as chairman of the Southern Commission on Church Union and was active on committees and commissions of the movement until his death. (On 10 May 1939 the Methodist Episcopal church, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and the Methodist Protestant church merged.)
In 1918, following the death of his wife the previous year, Mouzon wrote Does God Care ? In 1923 he published a booklet, So-Called Fundamentalism, enumerating eight objections to fundamentalism. Enlarging this work, he issued it as a book-length treatise, The Fundamentals of Methodism. He stood up to attacks by fundamentalists and, thinking that many Methodists were ignorant of their theological bases, expressed the belief that Methodism was a religion of the spirit. Bishop Mouzon was granted honorary degrees by Southwestern University, Southern Methodist University, and Duke University.
In 1890 he married Mary Elizabeth Mike, and they were the parents of six children: Harriet Peurifoy, Julia Elizabeth, Edwin DuBose, Mary Josephine, James Carlisle, and Olin Terrell. In 1919, two years after his first wife's death, the bishop married Mrs. Mary Pearl Langdon. He died at his home in Charlotte and was buried in Oakland Cemetery, Dallas, Tex. There are portraits of him at Southwestern University and at the Mouzon Memorial United Methodist Church, Charlotte.