Wake County, located in the Piedmont [5] region of North Carolina, was formed in 1771 from Johnston [12], Cumberland [23], and Orange [24] Counties and named for Margaret Wake Tryon, the wife of royal governor William Tryon [25]. Early inhabitants of the area included the Sissipahaw [26] and Occaneechi [27] Indians; English and Scotch-Irish [28] settlers later populated the region. Raleigh [18] was established as the county seat in 1771 under the name Wake County Courthouse; the name was changed to Raleigh, in honor of Sir Walter Raleigh [29], when the city became the capital of North Carolina in 1792. Other Wake County cities and towns, all within what is fast becoming a solid ring of urban and suburban development surrounding Raleigh, include Cary [30], Garner [31], Fuquay-Varina [32], Holly Springs [33], Apex [34], Morrisville [35], Wake Forest [36], Zebulon [37], Wendell [38], and Knightdale [39]. Notable bodies of water within the county include the Neuse River [40], Wake Forest Reservoir, Falls, Wheeler, Crabtree, and Bass Lakes, and Swift, Sycamore, and Hominy Creeks.

Wake County is one of North Carolina's most urbanized counties, with an estimated population of nearly 724,000 in 2004. It is dominated by the state government [41] and its ancillary institutions, multiple large businesses and corporations located in Research Triangle Park [19] (which straddles the line between Wake and Durham Counties) and other locales around Raleigh, and its outstanding colleges and universities-North Carolina State University [17] (1887), Peace College [42] (1857), Shaw University (1865), Saint Augustine's College [20] (1867), and Meredith College [14] (1891). Important cultural and historical landmarks and institutions abound in Raleigh and vicinity and include the State Capitol (1833-40); the Governor's Mansion (1891); the State Legislative Building (1961); the Joel Lane House [43] (1760s), the oldest house in Raleigh; Mordecai Historic Park [44] (1785); and the North Carolina State Fairgrounds. Important institutions and attractions include the North Carolina Museum of History [16], the North Carolina Museum of Art [15], the North Carolina [45]Museum of Natural Sciences [45], Raleigh Ensemble Players, Exploris, Raleigh Little Theatre and Rose Garden, the North Carolina Symphony Orchestra, North Carolina State University Crafts Center Gallery, the North Carolina Literary and Historical Association [46], the North Carolina State Archives [47], and the Wendell Post Office Museum. William B. Umstead State Park [48] is one of Wake County's many recreational areas. The county hosts popular festivals and annual events such as the North Carolina State Fair [49], Saint Patrick's Day Parade, the state Special Olympics Summer Games, the International Festival, Executive Mansion Christmas, the Today and Yesteryear Festival, and Rolesville Fireman's Day.

Wake County farmers continue to produce agricultural goods such as nursery and landscape plants, vegetables, and tobacco [50]. Manufactured products include high-tech items such as digital electronics, telecommunications equipment, measuring devices, and pharmaceuticals. Also produced are electric switch gears, flooring, and refrigeration equipment. Minerals such as soapstone, corundum, beryl, graphite, kyanite, pyrite, and magnesite are mined in the county.