8 Dec. 1879–25 Dec. 1951
Cross attended Norfolk (Va.) Academy and received the B.A. degree in 1899 (S.B. 1900) from Hampden-Sydney College. At Harvard University he received the M.A. in 1906 and the Ph.D. in 1909. During the summer of 1909 he studied at the School of Irish Learning, Dublin. After teaching stints at Norfolk Academy (1900–1905), Harvard and Radcliffe (1910–11), and Sweetbriar College (1911–12), Cross went to The University of North Carolina as professor of English during the 1912–13 term.
Cross maintained a lifelong interest in North Carolina folklore and folk drama. With Cross as a sponsor, a dramatic association was formed that year at the university, and a play, reportedly the first in several decades at the school, was performed and taken on tour to several towns in the state. The dramatic association continued to function after Cross left the university; and in 1918, Professor Frederick Koch, a graduate student of drama at Harvard when Cross was there, arrived in Chapel Hill and formed the Carolina Playmakers. Articles by Cross about Tar Heel folklore influenced the subject matter of the Playmakers' first performances. In 1909 he had published an article about a Northampton County witch in the Journal of American Folklore, and in 1919 his article "Witchcraft in North Carolina" appeared in Studies in Philology, a scholarly journal published at The University of North Carolina. The first native folkplay produced by the Carolina Playmakers (1919) was Elizabeth Lay's "When Witches Ride," about a Northampton County witch. In 1922, Cross was asked by Professor Koch to write an appendix on the dialect of the North Carolina region for the first published collection of Carolina folkplays.
During his later career, Cross wrote articles for the Review Celtique of Paris and a book about the Celts, Harper and Bard (1931); he was a fellow of the American Irish Historical Society and of the American Council of the Irish Texts Society. He was a member from 1913 to 1945 of the English faculty of the University of Chicago, teaching English, Celtic, and comparative literature. Also an Arthurian scholar, he wrote special articles on folklore and superstition for the Chicago Herald. He was the author, with C. H. Slover, of Ancient Irish Tales (1933), but his best-known publication was the Motif-Index of Early Irish Folk-Literature (1952), which he spent twenty-five years compiling. He belonged to a number of professional and fraternal organizations; his religious affiliation was with the Methodist church.
Cross was married in 1914 to Elizabeth Douglas Weathers of Avon, Ky. They had two daughters, Ellen Elizabeth, who married Storm Bull, and Evelyn Douglas, who married Louis S. Baer. Cross died in Aylett, Va.