Camden County, located in the Coastal Plain region of northeastern North Carolina and bordered in part by the state of Virginia and Albemarle Sound, was formed in 1777 from Pasquotank County and named for Sir Charles Pratt, earl of Camden, in gratitude for the support he gave to the colonists. The Tuscarora and Weapemeoc Indians, who left North Carolina in 1774, were the first inhabitants of the area; by 1650 English settlers had arrived, many drifting south from Virginia. The county seat, Camden, dates to 1740, when it was known as Plank Bridge. Its name was changed to Jonesborough in 1792 and, by 1840, to Camden. Other Camden County communities include South Mills, Belcross, and Shiloh.

The Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge covers parts of Camden County, and farmland makes up 33 percent of the total acreage of the county. Important agricultural products are corn, potatoes, wheat, swine, soybeans, oats, barley, chickens, cotton, and beef cattle. Because the Camden County terrain features a great amount of water, North Carolinians and others travel there for boating, fishing, swimming, and waterfowl observance. The large wild turkey population also attracts hunters.

Historic sites in Camden County include the county courthouse (1847); Sanderlin-Prichard House (1851); Milford (1744-46), North Carolina's oldest remaining two-story brick house; and Shiloh Baptist Church (1729), the state's oldest Baptist church. In 2004 Camden County's population was estimated to be 8,500.