African Americans

by Roberta Sue Alexander, Rodney D. Barfield, and Steven E. Nash, 2006.
Additional research provided by Joseph W.Wescott II and Wiley J. Williams.

Part i: Introduction [2]; Part ii: Life under slavery and the achievements of free blacks [3]; Part iii: Emancipation and the Freedmen's Fight for Civil Rights [4]; Part iv: Segregation and the struggle for equality [5]; Part v: Emerging roles and new challenges [6]; Part vi: References [1]

Part vi: References

Roberta Sue Alexander, North Carolina Faces the Freedmen: Race Relations during Presidential Reconstruction, 1865–1867 (1985).

Eric Anderson, Race and Politics in North Carolina, 1872–1901: The Black Second (1981).

Lerone Bennett Jr., Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America (1993).

William H. Chafe, Raymond Gavins, and Robert Korstad, eds., Remembering Jim Crow: African Americans Tell about Life in the Segregated South (2001).

Jeffrey J. Crow, Paul D. Escott, and Flora J. Hatley, A History of African Americans in North Carolina (2002).

W. McKee Evans, Ballots and Fence Rails: Reconstruction on the Lower Cape Fear (1966).

John Hope Franklin, The Free Negro in North Carolina, 1790–1860 (1943).

Franklin and Alfred A. Moss Jr., From Slavery to Freedom: A History of Negro Americans (6th ed., 1988).

Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina, 1896–1920 (1996).

Herbert G. Gutman, The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750–1925 (1976).

Timothy J. Minchin, Hiring the BlackWorker: The Racial Integration of the Southern Textile Industry, 1960–1980 (1999).

R. Drew Smith, Long March Ahead: African American Churches and Public Policy in Post–Civil Rights America (2004).

Timothy B. Tyson, Blood Done Sign My Name: A True Story (2004).

Walter B. Weare, Black Business in the New South: A Social History of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company (rev. ed., 1993).

Additional resources:

Bradford, Erin. 2008. "Free African American Population in the U.S.: 1790-1860." Online at  http://ncpedia.org/sites/default/files/census_stats_1790-1860.pdf [7]