Person County, located in the Piedmont region of northern North Carolina, was formed in 1791 from Caswell County and named for Revolutionary War general Thomas Person. It is partially bordered by the state of Virginia. Early inhabitants of the area included the Occaneechi Indians, followed by English and German settlers. The county seat, Roxboro, was incorporated in 1855 and named for the town of Roxburgh, Scotland. Person County's other communities include Hurdle Mills, Gordonton, Bushy Fork, Brooksdale, Moriah, Bethel Hill, and Concord. Notable physical features of the county include Hyco Lake, constructed by Carolina Power & Light Company in the early 1960s as a cooling reservoir for a steam electric-generating plant, Flat River, Castle Creek, and the Tar River.

Person County historic sites include Webb House, built in the early 1800s, and Hall House, built ca. 1900 and considered the oldest brick house in Roxboro. Cultural institutions include the Roxboro Little Theatre, the Person County Museum of History, the Person Players, Timberlake Art Gallery, and the Person County Nature Society. Person County hosts several annual events and festivals, including the Person County Agricultural Fair, the Person-ality Festival, and Pops in Person.

Agricultural crops grown in Person County include tobacco, wheat, corn, and soybeans. Manufactured products include parachutes, aluminum siding, textiles, and auto parts. Minerals such as pyrite, limonite, kyanite, malachite, and azurite are mined in the county. In 2004 Person County's population was estimated to be 37,000.